Body area · Face
Pigmentation & dark spots
Sun damage and post-inflammatory melanin clusters cause uneven tone. Tyrosinase inhibitors and pigment-targeted lasers offer the most reliable fading.
Recommended solutions
ingredient
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid 10–20 %)
Inhibits tyrosinase and brightens within 8–12 weeks. Layer under SPF in the morning.
ingredient
Azelaic acid 15–20 %
Targets melanin overproduction without irritating darker skin tones — a safer first-line than hydroquinone.
ingredient
Niacinamide 5 %
Blocks melanosome transfer to keratinocytes. Stacks well with vitamin C.
device
IPL photo-rejuvenation
Pulsed light shatters surface pigment over 3–5 sessions. Not safe for Fitzpatrick V–VI skin.